Abstract:

At the turn of XIX—XX centuries the main force acting on the Tula arms factory was the water. Work was done through the largest dam in the town on the river Upa and a network of waterworks, owned by the company. However, by the early twentieth century this mode of production began obsolete: due to the annual flooding of the river, the plant ceased all production of weapons for 3—4 months, permanent repairs serving the waterworks and lawsuits over the flooded land — all of it paid off. Moreover, the presence of dams was one of the main reasons for the lack of natural exit of ground and atmospheric waters, and drainage, which, in turn, adversely affect the sanitary condition of the city.

Keywords: Tula arms factory, dam, river Upa, hydraulic structure, sanitary condition, atmospheric water, groundwater, soil drainage, the health of residents