Abstract:

The article assesses the state and prospects of development of the methodology of historical science from the philosophical and methodological positions. The emphasis is on comparing the types of scientific rationality (classical, non-classical and post-non-classical) and the corresponding scientific criteria. Particular attention is drawn to the fact that the problems of the methodology of science, in particular history, are exacerbated by the transformation of classical science into non-classical and post-non-classical. The substantiation of the epistemological foundations of modern historical science is carried out through the prism of anthropological and linguistic turns of the methodology of social Sciences and Humanities.

Keywords: Historical science, classical historical science; post-classical historical science, linguistic turn, anthropological turn, source, historical reality, methodology